"The Convergence Model of Creativity Intention", American Society of Aesthetics session, Central APA, February (Online)

"Kant & the Rights of Infants", Lunch and Learn, Virginia Tech, November

"Kant & the Rights of Infants", Children's Rights: Theoretical Investigations, PPE Society, New Orleans, November

"Intention, Novelty, and a Puzzle of Creativity", MA Thesis Showcase, Virginia Tech, October